Global Health Explorers
01 From Data to Discovery → 02 From Data to Maps → 03 Explore the Differences
Explore the World · 02

From Data to Maps

Geography can make patterns visible. Maps help us see where differences occur.

But a map can show us a pattern without automatically explaining it.

Look first. Interpret carefully.
Visual discovery

What does a map add?

A table tells us values. A map can help us see geographic patterns, concentrations, gradients and differences between places.

Higher Intermediate Lower

A map is a way of asking a question.

Where are the values higher?

Where are they lower?

Are there clusters or gradients?

Do neighboring places look similar?

What happens when we change the geographic scale?

Important: This illustration is a teaching diagram, not a real health dataset.
Become a map reader

Before interpreting a map, ask five questions.

01

What?

What indicator is being mapped?

02

Who?

Which population does the indicator describe?

03

When?

Which year or period does the map represent?

04

How?

Was the value observed, estimated or modelled?

05

How certain?

Is uncertainty reported?

The transformation

Table → Map → Pattern → Question

01

TABLE

Read the indicator, definition, unit, population, year and source.

→
02

MAP

Look for geographic differences without immediately explaining them.

→
03

PATTERN

Describe where values are higher, lower, clustered or changing.

→
04

QUESTION

Ask what might explain the pattern and what evidence is still missing.

Explore real global data

Three powerful data laboratories

WHO

Global Health Observatory

Explore global health indicators and geographic views across countries and territories.

Open WHO GHO ↗
HEAT

WHO Health Inequality Tools

Explore inequality through graphs, maps and tables using disaggregated health data.

Open WHO HEAT ↗
IHME

Global Burden of Disease

Explore causes, risks, outcomes and estimates across places, populations and time.

Open IHME GBD ↗
Think like a global health explorer

Geography reveals differences. It does not automatically explain them.

What we can observe

  • Geographic distribution
  • Differences between places
  • Concentrations and clusters
  • Changes over time
  • Differences between regions

What we still need to explore

  • Definitions and methods
  • Population composition
  • Data quality and uncertainty
  • Social determinants
  • Environmental conditions
  • Health systems and services
  • Historical and social context
A map can reveal a pattern. It does not by itself tell us why that pattern exists.
One more question

What disappears when we use only national averages?

A country can contain very different regions, communities and population groups.

WORLD Global pattern
→
COUNTRY National average
→
REGION Subnational variation
→
COMMUNITY Local differences
→
PEOPLE Different experiences
Continue the journey

What happens when we look beyond averages?

Next we explore measurable differences between population groups using the WHO Health Inequality Monitor and other global datasets.

03 · Explore the Differences →